Exploring the Shamanic State of Consciousness

Shamanism, one of the world's oldest spiritual practices, is rooted in the belief that there is more to reality than what meets the eye. Practiced by indigenous cultures across the globe, shamanism involves a deep connection with the spirit world. Central to this practice is the shamanic state of consciousness (SSC), a unique altered state that allows shamans to journey beyond the ordinary, accessing realms that provide healing, guidance, and wisdom. In this blog post, we'll explore what the shamanic state of consciousness is, how it is achieved, and the profound impact it can have on both individuals and communities.
 

What is SSC?
 

The shamanic state of consciousness is an altered state in which the practitioner experiences a shift in perception and awareness, enabling them to connect with the spiritual realms. This state is often induced through various techniques, such as drumming, chanting, dancing, fasting, or the use of entheogenic plants. In this altered state, the shaman becomes a bridge between the physical world and the spiritual world, communicating with spirits, ancestors, and other non-ordinary beings.
 

Unlike other altered states of consciousness, such as those induced by meditation or psychedelics, the shamanic state is intentional and controlled. Shamans are trained to enter and exit this state at will, maintaining full awareness and control during their journeys. This intentionality allows them to navigate the spiritual realms with purpose, seeking out specific information or performing healing rituals.
 

Techniques to Induce SSC
 

Shamans use various techniques to enter the shamanic state of consciousness, each tailored to the cultural and spiritual context of their practice. Here are some of the most common methods:
 

1. Drumming and Rhythmic Sounds: Drumming is perhaps the most widely recognized technique for inducing SSC. The repetitive, monotonous beat of a drum, typically played at around four to seven beats per second, can shift brainwave patterns from the normal waking state (beta) to a more relaxed and receptive state (theta). This shift in brainwave patterns is crucial for entering the SSC, as it opens the door to non-ordinary realities.
 

2. Chanting and Singing: Chanting or singing specific songs or mantras can also alter consciousness. The vibrations created by the voice, combined with the focused intention of the chant, help to quiet the mind and facilitate entry into the spiritual realms. These vocal techniques often carry spiritual significance, with the words or sounds used believed to have inherent power.
 

3. Dancing and Movement: Certain forms of dance, especially those involving repetitive movements and rhythms, can induce a trance-like state conducive to shamanic journeying. The act of dancing, when combined with music or chanting, helps to break down the barriers between the physical and spiritual worlds, allowing the shaman to enter SSC.
 

4. Fasting and Sensory Deprivation: Fasting and sensory deprivation are ancient methods used to alter consciousness. Depriving the body of food or external stimuli can weaken the ego's grip on reality, making it easier for the shaman to access the spiritual realms. These practices are often accompanied by solitude, further enhancing the shaman’s ability to focus inward and journey into non-ordinary realities.
 

5. Use of Entheogenic Plants: In some shamanic traditions, the use of entheogenic plants like ayahuasca, peyote, or psilocybin mushrooms is central to inducing SSC. These plants are considered sacred, and their consumption is often surrounded by ritual and ceremony. The altered states induced by these plants are powerful, often leading to profound spiritual experiences and insights.
 

The Purpose and Benefits of SSC
 

The shamanic state of consciousness is not pursued for mere entertainment or escape. It serves a higher purpose within the context of shamanism, providing a means to heal, gain wisdom, and restore balance in the community.
 

1. Healing: Healing is one of the primary reasons shamans enter SSC. In this state, they can communicate with spirits, diagnose illnesses, and retrieve lost souls or energies. The shamanic belief is that many physical and mental illnesses have spiritual roots, and by addressing these spiritual causes, the shaman can facilitate profound healing.
 

2. Guidance and Wisdom: Shamans often journey into SSC to seek guidance for themselves or others. This guidance can come in many forms, such as visions, messages from spirits, or encounters with power animals or ancestors. The wisdom gained from these journeys is then brought back to the ordinary world, where it can be used to help others or guide the shaman in their spiritual practice.
 

3. Restoring Balance: In many indigenous cultures, shamans play a crucial role in maintaining the balance between the physical and spiritual worlds. By entering SSC, they can identify and correct imbalances in the community, whether these are caused by negative energies, disharmonious relationships, or disruptions in the natural world. Through rituals and ceremonies performed in the SSC, shamans work to restore harmony and ensure the well-being of their people.
 

Modern Applications of SSC
 

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in shamanic practices, including the use of the shamanic state of consciousness, among those seeking spiritual growth and healing in the modern world. Workshops, retreats, and online courses offer individuals the opportunity to learn shamanic techniques and experience SSC for themselves. While traditional shamanic practices are rooted in specific cultural contexts, modern practitioners often adapt these techniques to fit contemporary spiritual needs. This includes integrating shamanic journeying with other forms of spiritual practice, such as meditation, yoga, or psychotherapy. The benefits of entering SSC, such as deepened self-awareness, healing, and spiritual insight, resonate with many people seeking to reconnect with their spiritual selves in a meaningful way.
 

Conclusion
 

The shamanic state of consciousness offers a profound opportunity to journey beyond the ordinary and access realms of reality that are normally hidden from view. Through techniques like drumming, chanting, dancing, and the use of entheogenic plants, shamanic practitioners can enter these altered states at will, using them for healing, guidance, and restoring balance. As interest in shamanism continues to grow in the modern world, more people are discovering the transformative power of these ancient practices, finding ways to integrate them into their own spiritual journeys. Whether you are a seasoned spiritual seeker or simply curious about the mysteries of the mind, exploring the shamanic state of consciousness can open doors to new levels of understanding and connection with the spiritual world.

Healing with Acoustic Resonance

Drumming is a profound way to promote healing. Through acoustic resonance, drumming helps restore the vibrational integrity of body, mind, and spirit. Acoustic resonance is the ability of a sound wave to impart its energy to a substance such as air, wood, metal, or the human body, making it vibrate in sympathy. For example, when you tap a tuning fork in proximity to another one of the same tone, both will vibrate. Acoustic resonance is an important consideration for instrument builders, as most acoustic instruments use resonators, such as the strings and body of a violin, the length of tube in a flute, and the shape of a drum membrane. A single-headed frame or hoop drum works best for acoustic resonance healing--the larger the drum, the greater the resonance.
 

The drum is a powerful tool for healing. As we play the drum, the drum then plays our bodies. The various frequencies of the drum interact with our own resonant frequencies, forming new harmonic alignments. Through the natural law of resonance, the sound waves produced by the drum impart their energy to the resonating systems of the body, mind and spirit, making them vibrate in sympathy. When we drum, our living flesh, brainwaves and spiritual energy centers entrain or synchronize to the sound waves and rhythms. This sympathetic resonance has the following key effects:
 

1. It produces deeper self-awareness by inducing synchronous brain activity. Research has demonstrated that the physical transmission of rhythmic energy to the brain synchronizes the two cerebral hemispheres. When the logical left hemisphere and the intuitive right hemisphere begin to pulsate in harmony, the inner guidance of intuitive knowing can then flow unimpeded into conscious awareness. The ability to access unconscious information through symbols and imagery facilitates psychological integration and a reintegration of self. Drumming also synchronizes the frontal and lower areas of the brain, integrating nonverbal information from lower brain structures into the frontal cortex, producing feelings of insight, understanding, integration, certainty, conviction, and truth, which surpass ordinary understandings and tend to persist long after the experience, often providing foundational insights for religious and cultural traditions.
 

2. It releases negative feelings, blockages, and emotional trauma. Drumming can help people express and address emotional issues. Unexpressed feelings and emotions can form energy blockages. The physical stimulation of drumming removes blockages and produces emotional release. Sound vibrations resonate through every cell in the body, stimulating the release of negative cellular memories.
 

3. It accesses the entire brain. The reason rhythm is such a powerful tool is that it permeates the entire brain. Vision for example is in one part of the brain, speech another, but acoustic resonance penetrates the whole brain. The sound of drumming generates dynamic neuronal connections in all parts of the brain even where there is significant damage or impairment such as in Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). According to Michael Thaut, director of Colorado State University's Center for Biomedical Research in Music, "Rhythmic cues can help retrain the brain after a stroke or other neurological impairment, as with Parkinson’s patients...." The more connections that can be made within the brain, the more integrated our experiences become.
 

4. It induces natural altered states of consciousness. Rhythmic drumming induces altered states, which have a wide range of therapeutic applications. A landmark study by Barry Quinn, Ph.D. demonstrates that even a brief drumming session can double alpha brain wave activity, dramatically reducing stress. The brain changes from Beta waves (focused concentration and activity) to Alpha waves (calm and relaxed), producing feelings of euphoria and well-being. Alpha activity is associated with meditation, shamanic trance, and integrative modes of consciousness.
 

5. It helps us to experience being in resonance with the natural rhythms of life. Rhythm and resonance order the natural world. Dissonance and disharmony arise only when we limit our capacity to resonate totally and completely with the rhythms of life. The origin of the word rhythm is Greek meaning "to flow." We can learn to flow with the rhythms of life by simply learning to feel the beat, pulse, or groove while drumming. When drummers feel this rhythmic flow, especially at a slower, steady beat, they can shift into a state of deep relaxation and expanded awareness. It is a way of bringing the essential self into accord with the flow of a dynamic, interrelated universe, helping us feel connected rather than isolated and estranged.

Discovering the Power of Perception

by José Stevens
©2023 All rights reserved
www.thepowerpath.com

In this article we are going to revisit the topic of perception and how important changing our way of looking at the world and ourselves is in order to cope with new realities. This is a highly condensed opening sentence so let us unpack it a little. Perception can mean several things; for example, it may have to do with becoming aware of something through our senses such as the perception of pain or pleasure. In addition, it may have to do with how we perceive and interpret an experience such as the perception that someone we meet is angry, sad, fearful, amused, or maybe on drugs. Furthermore, it can have to do with our interpretation of an event as being unfortunate or discouraging versus seeing it as encouraging, fortunate, or a good omen.
 

How we perceive our world has a great deal to do with how it shows up according to our expectations as in the perception that the world is in terrible shape and it is all the fault of a particular political party or official. Our perceptions, then, are closely tied to our beliefs and expectations and these are what tend to form our reality over time. If I believe that the world situation is hopeful then I am inclined to perceive each event or experience as a sign that this is so, even if an event according to most people is seen as a disaster. If most people are discouraged and seeing climate change as hopeless then this will subtly make it so because they will be more inclined not to invest money in fighting the effects of it or by changing personal habits. Seeing climate change as something that can be influenced by changing our lifestyles is more likely to produce some beneficial results.
 

Some of the things I am going to say now reflect my own bias based on what I believe the long-term prospects of life on this planet will most probably be. Despite what appears to be much evidence to the contrary I believe that, come what may, the human race has already decided to have a future on this planet and that we will find ways to thrive and transform ourselves as a result of and because of a radical elevation in consciousness that is already beginning to occur. This bias has an influence in how I see the nature of the obstacles and what I believe must be done to realize our highest possibilities.
 

The nature of the obstacles
 

Despite the soaring visionaries, poets, musicians, and philosophers amongst us, the human race can be incredibly concrete at times. For example, we still believe verbatim the highly distorted, influenced, and reinterpreted words of sacred books written over two thousand years ago and take the parts we choose as gospel. We are still smiting the philistines, oppressing our women, and stoning our sinners in the name of a wrathful and vindictive God who we believe wants to control us, oppress us, and ultimately cast us into everlasting flames. So attached are our scientists to their theories that we are loathe to accept new discoveries and evidence that the world works in totally different ways than we thought.
 

When I was a sociology major in college, I took a class on the dynamics of social change and the professor shocked the class by informing us that social change becomes possible only by the holders of the present theories dying off of old age. In other words what he was saying was that most people tend not to change their minds once they are set in their ways despite all evidence to the contrary. This accounts for the relatively slow evolution of social change in relation to the rapid technological change we have experienced in these last few decades. Another way of saying this is that we humans tend to lag behind our discoveries and adapt rather slowly. While this viewpoint has proven to be fairly accurate it has not accounted for several other facts that sociologists don’t understand. We are living in a time frame where the children being born are much more adaptive to new ways than their forebears or ancestors. The difference between people of various generations is enormous compared with the differences say five hundred years ago, so while we are waiting for older generations to die away, the new generations are light years ahead in their attitudes, creativity, and beliefs. What is oppressing them right now from exerting more influence are a couple of things. They are outnumbered by the Boomers who dominate politics and positions of authority and they are oppressed by the fact that Boomers are favored economically and as hard as they try to catch up, the economics of the times prevents many of them from getting ahead. Ask any of the recent generations about buying their own homes and you see despair in their eyes. This too will pass.
 

Anyone can see that the new generations are born equipped with the skills to handle and understand all the new technologies and then some. They also seem to not care what their elders think about gender identification, social equality, and a host of other notions. Contrary to popular opinion the new generations are hard working and highly principled with regard to the environment. They are no slouches but they are somewhat handicapped by the hypnotic social media technologies that have interfered with their need for intimacy. They will overcome all that because of where we are actually going as a species.
 

When people see the world a certain way it tends to reinforce the reality of that way of seeing it. This has become an enormous obstacle to our evolution. Seeing the world according to fixed beliefs tends to fix the way reality shows up. The world however, is not waiting for us to evolve out of this problem. The amplitude of the physical plane has already begun to increase substantially in the last thirteen years and like a learning curve it is headed rapidly upward. This gives the impression that reality is speeding up and for all practical purposes, it is. So, while many humans march to a slow beat of the drum, the world all around, nature if you will, is marching to a much more rapid beat. This throws those humans who do not perceive the faster beat, the younger souls, into a very difficult situation. They march very slowly while the fires and floodwaters are racing up behind them, not a pretty sight. Their tendency is to double down in the belief that their pace is the right one, despite all contrary evidence.  This is like watching a train wreck already in progress.
 

In addition to this tendency to double down they are experiencing a world that seems to have run amok and this causes them massive fear and stress. In response to this anxiety, they seek strong authoritarian father like leaders who cater to their most primitive notions of who to blame, revealing the racism and bigotry that has been present all along but not acknowledged. They believe their leaders will solve everything and make them feel safe again, the blind leading the blind. Fortunately, this is only approximately 48% of the population of the world at this time which creates dangerous polarities considering how vocal the minority is and how willing to take action they are. That is another subject for another time.
 

Meanwhile the world is relentlessly moving on, climate change being only one of the visible aspects of this total transformation. Nature truly does mirror and reflect the inner dynamics of the consolidated consciousness that human beings are, but refuse to admit.
 

When perception is at odds with the way reality is there can be serious consequences. Let us take for example the reality of the flow of a particular river in an easterly direction. When someone perceives the flow of the river opposite to how it is actually running, they can produce all kinds of optical illusions and even hallucinations. This person might look at the river and actually believe it is running in reverse, to the west. This does not change the actual course or direction of the water in the river to the east. It only changes things in the mind of the beholder and can make them very vulnerable to danger. If according to a more accurate person’s perception they see that the river is actually running east, they are not only seeing things the way they are but they are able to perceive a whole host of things that the first person could not, for example what this does to the plant life and animal life living along the river, how it is impacted by the weather and climate as the flow goes further east. The first person who believes it is running west has to be in denial about all this and they will make assessments based on a false set of facts that could prove fatal for them in the long run as they think they are going west, not east.
 

Accurate Perception
 

When we see the world the way it is meant to be seen, life becomes so much simpler. Most people see the world as “not me.” I am here in this body and everything and everyone else is out there. This means that according to this perception I have to control the world to make it work for me. I have to effort and struggle to manage it and force it to bend to my will. It means I am always afraid I might not be able to succeed because the world is so big and I am so small. So, this means that fear always runs me and the world and this is based on a denial of Spirt, quite the hallucination, and a rather dangerous one. In an interesting way it makes this scary version of the world real, not because it is real, but because it is real in my perception of it.
 

Let’s consider the alternative. I see the world as my home, as within me just as it appears to be around me. It’s all me, it’s all Spirit, and I am intimately related to it. The whole business of me and my body and my inner world and the whole world I see and feel around me are all one vibration, the ancient sound of AAAAHHHH, the sound of Spirit, God, the Source, the Creator and so on. This is what the Tibetan Buddhists say in agreement with the Toltecs, the Mayans, the Ancient Egyptians, the druids of old and a host of mystic traditions. There is no in here vs out there. It is just one awareness. In this perception of the world there is nothing to fear, nothing to control, nothing to manage, nothing to fight with. It is in the words of the Buddha and the ancient Taoists, empty. It is the kingdom of heaven in Christian terms. It conforms with the ancient saying, “Be still and know! In this perception there is no need for racism, bigotry, fighting, polarizing, fearing, judging, saving, and so on. It just IS. When this becomes the perception, the truth of reality is quickened, is activated, is acknowledged. Since reality in this viewpoint is eternal, everywhere, and nowhere, it is never fixed and therefore always becoming, always new because there is no real past to fix it in place and give it a narrative. When we see it this way, we make it new because we are it, and we are always being new. We are in total harmony with it.
 

Now it is important that this not become just another theory. What would be the use of that? As the Mandalorian’s are wont to say, This is the way! To adopt this way of seeing is to see it as we always have known it to be on an essence level, like a diamond, beneath the dust and the dirt. It may need a good scrubbing after being in the dirt for so long. Try seeing reality as all one at least once a day, in the morning is best. You will like it. Then do it twice a day. You will like it. Then three times. Again, you will like it. You get the idea. This practice will gradually take over and your perception of reality will change in a good way. You have everything problematic to lose, everything great to gain.
 

All is blessed as are you. Spread it around.

How Rhythm Shapes Our Lives

Simply put, rhythm is a strong repeated pattern of movement or sound, generally considered to be an ordered alternation of contrasting elements. As regular and natural patterns of change, rhythms are everywhere--in the cycle of seasons, the tides, the phases of the moon, waking and sleeping, day and night, ebb and flow, yin and yang. In fact, rhythm is the very pulse of the universe. According to quantum physics, everything in the universe, from the smallest subatomic particle to the largest star, has an inherent vibrational pattern. Everything has a unique vibrational frequency--a pulsating rhythm that belongs only to it. Within the heart of each of us, there exists a silent pulse of perfect rhythm that connects us to the totality of a dynamic, interrelated universe.
 

Rhythm interconnects everything in the natural world. All living things share in the common experience of being plugged into the electromagnetic grid of the planet. All life pulsates in time to the planet’s extremely low frequencies, which are concentrated at about 7.83 Hz (cycles per second). This so-called Schumann resonance is produced and maintained by more than eight million global lightning strikes a day. Every lightning bolt discharges a large amount of energy and so contributes to the Earth’s background base frequency or "heartbeat." This alpha rhythm is the primary frequency in the web of life. All life forms are innately connected to this primary frequency.
 

Beyond natural manifestations, rhythm characterizes human expression and is inseparable from speech, music, dance, and all forms of art. Rhythm plays an important role in how we perceive and connect with the world. Rhythm plays a role in listening, in walking, and in language. More importantly, rhythm is the underlying foundation of human sociability and interaction. Consider the broad range of biological rhythms in the human body, fast and slow, transmuted and integrated by the complex interdependence of the somatic, autonomic and endocrine nervous systems. The results of this synthesis of movement and sound act directly on us, spatially and temporally differentiating our interactional patterns.
 

Indeed, the very universality of rhythm is a compelling argument for the existence of biological processes governing the perception and production of rhythm. Rhythms in the brain have been identified as a basis for consciousness itself. According to neuroscience research, rhythm is rooted in innate functions of the brain, mind, and consciousness. As human beings, we are innately rhythmic. Our relationship with rhythm begins in the womb. At twenty two days, a single (human embryo) cell jolts to life. This first beat awakens nearby cells and incredibly they all begin to beat in perfect unison. These beating cells divide and become our heart. This desire to beat in unison seemingly fuels our entire lives. Studies show that, regardless of musical training, we are innately able to perceive and recall elements of beat and rhythm.
 

It makes sense, then, that beat and rhythm are an important aspect in music therapy. Our brains are hard-wired to be able to entrain to a beat. Entrainment occurs when two or more rhythms come into sync and begin to beat as one. If you are walking down a street and you hear a song, you instinctively begin to step in sync to the beat of the song. This is actually an important area of current music therapy research. Our brain enables our motor system to naturally entrain to a rhythmic beat, allowing music therapists to target rehabilitating movements. The better we understand the biological basis of rhythm, the better we will be able to employ rhythm--in all its guises--to improve communication and to better understand ourselves.

How Brainwaves Affect Our Well-Being

All of our thoughts, emotions and behaviors are rooted in the communication between neurons. Each of the millions of neurological synapses in our brain operate on electrical impulses which create an overall frequency. The frequency (wavelength) can be fast or slow, harmonious or discordant, but whatever it happens to be will affect our consciousness dramatically. Our brainwave state affects our ability to focus and many other important functions in our lives. Knowing how to identify your brainwave state is the first step in empowering you to consciously shift these patterns as needed throughout the day.
 

There are four brainwave states:
 

Delta brainwave activity (1-4 HZ or beats per second) is associated with deep sleep. This state is crucial for restoration of the body and healing. Delta has to do with the subconscious, the place where intuition arises. 

 

Theta wave activity (4-8 HZ) reflects the dreamlike state between wakefulness and sleep. Theta rhythms are associated with meditation and shamanic states of consciousness. Theta increases creativity, enhances learning, reduces stress, and awakens intuition.
 

Alpha brain waves (8-12 HZ) are associated with relaxation, imagination, visualization and integrative modes of consciousness. This state of mind is considered a gateway to deeper realms of consciousness and is essential to well-being.
 

Beta brainwave activity (13-30 HZ) is associated with concentration, cognition, alertness, and focus. This state of consciousness allows you to make connections quickly and come up with solutions and ideas.
 

Consciously altering brainwave activity
 

People have meditated, used music, dance, and art for millennia to alter consciousness. Neuroscience research has demonstrated that certain external rhythms can cause entrainment of brainwaves. This idea has been applied with biofeedback, binaural beats, and other advanced forms of technology but it is basically rooted in the ancient rhythm of the shaman's drum. Indigenous shamanic cultures have been using rhythm to alter consciousness for thousands of years.
 

Rhythmic drumming induces altered states of consciousness, which have a wide range of therapeutic applications. A groundbreaking study by Barry Quinn, Ph.D., a clinical psychologist specializing in neuro-biofeedback therapy for stress management, demonstrated that even a brief drumming session can double alpha brain wave activity, dramatically reducing stress. The brain changes from Beta waves (focused concentration and activity) to Alpha waves (calm and relaxed), producing feelings of euphoria and well-being. This ease of induction contrasts significantly with the long periods of isolation and practice required by most meditative disciplines before inducing significant effects. Rhythmic stimulation is a simple yet effective technique for affecting states of mind.
 

The reason rhythm is such a powerful tool is that it permeates the entire brain. Vision for example is in one part of the brain, speech another, but drumming accesses the whole brain. The sound of drumming generates dynamic neuronal connections in all parts of the brain even where there is significant damage or impairment such as in Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). According to Michael Thaut, director of Colorado State University's Center for Biomedical Research in Music, "Rhythmic cues can help retrain the brain after a stroke or other neurological impairment, as with Parkinson’s patients..." The more connections that can be made within the brain, the more integrated our experiences become.

Expanded States of Consciousness World Summit

The Expanded States of Consciousness World Summit is a free 9-day online event featuring 65+ world-class experts, including Deepak Chopra, Luisah Teish, Wim Hof, Rosalind Watts, Andrew Weil, Grandmother Flordemayo, Paul Stamets, Gita Vaid, Ken Wilber, Sandra Ingerman, Dan Siegel, Krishna Das, and many more. This summit is designed to create a profound journey and transformative learning experience for anyone interested in expanded states of consciousness and their potential for our individual and collective healing, spiritual evolution and awakening. This includes practitioners, clinicians, researchers, guides, coaches and other helping professionals, researchers, and the general public.
 

Over nine days, you will have the opportunity to learn learn about the potential of expanded states of consciousness for healing trauma, healing attachment wounds, and deepening resilience. Discover how these practices can help us unlock our full potential, leading to a more fulfilling life with greater meaning and purpose. The summit will cover a wide range of methods, including:

•     Meditation
•     Breathwork
•     Psychedelics
•     Plant medicines
•     Shamanism
•     Music, chanting, and sound healing
•     Tools and practices for integration

 

During the Summit, you'll hear about the cutting-edge research on consciousness and expanded states and be able to explore different practices and techniques for accessing and integrating these states…While connecting with a global community of like-minded individuals exploring the further reaches of consciousness and human potential. Whether you're an experienced practitioner or just curious about the nature of consciousness, this Summit is sure to be an illuminating and transformative experience. Free streaming of the summit starts Tuesday, April 18th at 7:00 am EDT USA, click here to claim your free ticket.

The Resonance Theory of Consciousness

The resonance theory of consciousness postulates that synchronized vibrations are central not only to human consciousness but to all of physical reality. Resonance is the ability of a vibrating object or sound source to transfer its energy to another object, making it vibrate in sympathy. The term resonance originated in the field of acoustics, particularly the sympathetic resonance observed in musical instruments, e.g., when one string starts to vibrate and produce sound after a different one is struck. All things in our universe are constantly in motion, vibrating. Even objects that appear to be stationary are in fact vibrating, oscillating, resonating, at various frequencies. Resonance is a type of motion, characterized by oscillation between two states. And ultimately all matter is just vibrations of various underlying fields. As such, at every scale, all of nature vibrates.

Something interesting happens when different vibrating things come together: They will often start, after a little while, to vibrate together at the same frequency. They "sync up," sometimes in ways that can seem mysterious. This is described as the phenomenon of spontaneous self-organization. For example, fireflies of certain species start flashing their bioluminescent fires in sync in large gatherings of fireflies. If two pendulums, swinging at different rates, are placed next to each other, they will gradually entrain until they are locked in perfect synchronization. They entrain because it requires less energy to pulse in unison than in opposition. Nature always seeks the most efficient energy state. 

This synchronization is a kind of physical communication between entities. Synchronized vibrations allow an exchange of energy and information. In the human brain, synchronization, in terms of shared electrical oscillation rates, allows for smooth communication between neurons and groups of neurons. Large-scale neuron firing can occur at specific frequencies, with human consciousness thought to be commonly associated with various kinds of neuronal synchrony. This shared resonance through specific neuronal electrochemical firing patterns creates an electromagnetic field that may itself be the seat of macro-conscious awareness. 

Consciousness through shared resonance takes panpsychism as its metaphysical starting point. This philosophical perspective suggests that all matter has at least some associated consciousness, albeit highly rudimentary in the large majority of instances. In other words, consciousness did not emerge at some point during evolution. Rather, it's always associated with matter and vice versa; they're two sides of the same coin. It is all about vibrations, but it's also about the type of vibrations and, most importantly, about shared vibrations. The more complex the synchronization is, the more complex the consciousness. So, for example, the billions of neurons that fire in the brain together to make a decision and form our experience of the world are extremely sophisticated, yielding a rich and dynamic sense of self or perception. To learn more, read "The Neuroscience of Drumming."

What is Rhythm?

Rhythm, in music, is the arrangement of sounds in time. The unit division of musical time is called a beat. Rhythm is the way that music is systematically divided into beats that repeat a specific number of times within a bar (or measure of time) at a particular speed or tempo. Rhythm is characterized by the regular sequence of opposite elements: the dynamics of the strong and weak beat, the played beat and the inaudible but implied rest beat, or the long and short note. When a series of notes and rests repeats, it forms a rhythmic pattern.

 

Rhythm functions as the driving engine of a piece of music, and it gives a composition structure. Whatever other elements a given piece of music may have (e.g., patterns in pitch or timbre), rhythm is the one indispensable element of all music. Rhythm can exist without melody, as in the drumbeats of shamanic trance drumming, but melody cannot exist without rhythm. In music that has both harmony and melody, the rhythmic structure cannot be separated from them. 

Rhythm is music's pattern in time. Music cannot happen without time. The placement of the sounds in time is the rhythm of a piece of music. Because music must be heard over a period of time, rhythm is the most essential aspect of music. Having a sense of rhythm separates good musicians from those that don't. For the drummer, rhythm is about keeping time for they are one in the same. The pulse of the drum is the pulse of time. The drummer is the timekeeper. Keeping time is the most important function of any drummer.

 
The Soul of Rhythm

Neuroscience research has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of rhythmic drumming. The reason drumming is such a powerful tool is that rhythm is rooted in innate functions of the brain, mind and consciousness. Our relationship with rhythm begins in the womb. At twenty-two days, a single (human embryo) cell jolts to life. This first beat awakens nearby cells and incredibly they all begin to beat in perfect unison. These beating cells divide and become our heart. This desire to beat in unison seemingly fuels our entire lives. Studies show that, regardless of musical training, we are innately able to perceive and recall elements of beat and rhythm.

We respond to rhythm whenever we sense it and seek it out when it is not present, for we are innately rhythmic. Every rhythm has its own quality and touches you in a unique way. These qualities, in fact, exist within each of us, longing to be activated. It is this process of internalization that allows us to access the inaudible yet perceptible soul, so to speak, of a rhythm. One of the paradoxes of rhythm is that the audible pattern is the inverse of the "inaudible matrix." Every rhythm has both an inaudible and audible aspect -- silence and sound.

Silence and sound are the two fundamental aspects of our vibrational world. Silence is the unmanifest essence of the unseen world. Audible sound is the manifest form. It is the inaudible intervals between audible beats that allow us to hear the grouping of beats in a coherent cycle or pattern. We sense the interval as the offbeat, or light element, and the audible beat as the heavy element. The drummer establishes the audible beat, whereas the silent pulse quality unfolds by itself in any rhythmic pattern. 

Master percussionist, Reinhard Flatischler, in his book The Forgotten Power of Rhythm, established that all people perceive the unmanifest essence of this silent pulse in the same way, regardless of how the drummer shapes the audible pattern itself. As Flatischler puts it, "As the inaudible part of a cycle, this pattern exists in a universal archetypal realm. The audible shaping of the cycle, on the other hand, exists in the realm of uniqueness and individuality. In rhythm, both sides unite and thereby allow the individual to make contact with the world of archetypes."

The Soul of Rhythm

Neuroscience research has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of rhythmic drumming. The reason drumming is such a powerful tool is that rhythm is rooted in innate functions of the brain, mind and consciousness. Our relationship with rhythm begins in the womb. At twenty-two days, a single (human embryo) cell jolts to life. This first beat awakens nearby cells and incredibly they all begin to beat in perfect unison. These beating cells divide and become our heart. This desire to beat in unison seemingly fuels our entire lives. Studies show that, regardless of musical training, we are innately able to perceive and recall elements of beat and rhythm.

We respond to rhythm whenever we sense it and seek it out when it is not present, for we are innately rhythmic. Every rhythm has its own quality and touches you in a unique way. These qualities, in fact, exist within each of us, longing to be activated. It is this process of internalization that allows us to access the inaudible yet perceptible soul, so to speak, of a rhythm. One of the paradoxes of rhythm is that the audible pattern is the inverse of the “inaudible matrix.” Every rhythm has both an inaudible and audible aspect—silence and sound.
 
Silence and sound are the two fundamental aspects of our vibrational world. Silence is the unmanifest essence of the unseen world. Audible sound is the manifest form. It is the inaudible intervals between audible beats that allow us to hear the grouping of beats in a coherent cycle or pattern. We sense the interval as the offbeat, or light element, and the audible beat as the heavy element. The drummer establishes the audible beat, whereas the silent pulse quality unfolds by itself in any rhythmic pattern.

The Neuroscience of Drumming

According to new neuroscience research, rhythm is rooted in innate functions of the brain, mind, and consciousness. As human beings, we are innately rhythmic. Our relationship with rhythm begins in the womb. At twenty two days, a single (human embryo) cell jolts to life. This first beat awakens nearby cells and incredibly they all begin to beat in perfect unison. These beating cells divide and become our heart. This desire to beat in unison seemingly fuels our entire lives. Studies show that, regardless of musical training, we are innately able to perceive and recall elements of beat and rhythm.

It makes sense then that beat and rhythm are an important aspect in music therapy. Our brains are hard-wired to be able to entrain to a beat. Entrainment occurs when two or more frequencies come into step or in phase with each other. If you are walking down a street and you hear a song, you instinctively begin to step in sync to the beat of the song. This is actually an important area of current music therapy research. Our brain enables our motor system to naturally entrain to a rhythmic beat, allowing music therapists to target rehabilitating movements. Rhythm is a powerful gateway to well-being.

Neurologic Drum Therapy

Neuroscience research has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of rhythmic drumming. The reason rhythm is such a powerful tool is that it permeates the entire brain. Vision for example is in one part of the brain, speech another, but drumming accesses the whole brain. The sound of drumming generates dynamic neuronal connections in all parts of the brain even where there is significant damage or impairment such as in Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). According to Michael Thaut, director of Colorado State University's Center for Biomedical Research in Music, "Rhythmic cues can help retrain the brain after a stroke or other neurological impairment, as with Parkinson's patients ...." The more connections that can be made within the brain, the more integrated our experiences become.

Studies indicate that drumming produces deeper self-awareness by inducing synchronous brain activity. The physical transmission of rhythmic energy to the brain synchronizes the two cerebral hemispheres. When the logical left hemisphere and the intuitive right hemisphere begin to pulsate in harmony, the inner guidance of intuitive knowing can then flow unimpeded into conscious awareness. The ability to access unconscious information through symbols and imagery facilitates psychological integration and a reintegration of self.

In his book, Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing, Michael Winkelman reports that drumming also synchronizes the frontal and lower areas of the brain, integrating nonverbal information from lower brain structures into the frontal cortex, producing "feelings of insight, understanding, integration, certainty, conviction, and truth, which surpass ordinary understandings and tend to persist long after the experience, often providing foundational insights for religious and cultural traditions."

It requires abstract thinking and the interconnection between symbols, concepts, and emotions to process unconscious information. The human adaptation to translate an inner experience into meaningful narrative is uniquely exploited by drumming. Rhythmic drumming targets memory, perception, and the complex emotions associated with symbols and concepts: the principal functions humans rely on to formulate belief. Because of this exploit, the result of the synchronous brain activity in humans is the spontaneous generation of meaningful information which is imprinted into memory. Drumming is an effective method for integrating subjective experience into both physical space and the cultural group.

Do We See the World as it Truly Is?

Human Brain Image

When we open our eyes, do we see the world as it really is? Do we see reality? The answer is that we don't see reality, according to new neuroscience research. In Deviate: The Science of Seeing Differently, neuroscientist Beau Lotto tells us it is the human mind that imposes meaning on our perceptions. He thinks our perceptions terminate at the boundaries of our brain. According to Lotto, we function with versions of reality that have nothing to do with what is actually out there -- what exists in the real world.

Neuroscience studies show that perception is not what our eyes and ears tell us; it is what our brain makes us see and hear. Your personal reality isn't the perception of what is "out there," but an observation of what is going on inside your head. The senses are similar to the keyboard of a computer: they provide access, but the real job is done in the brain. Your brain takes in the information from your senses, but your reality isn't made up of the atoms of the "real world." It's made up of the atoms of your brain. Perception is just an illusory product of our mind. The world we see around us is ultimately no more real than a hologram.

New research demonstrates that we do not see the real world; we only see what helped us to survive in the past. As Lotto puts it, "We don't see reality -- we only see what was useful to see in the past." Much like a road map, our perceptual brain doesn't offer an accurate spatial representation; rather, it helps us to navigate in a safe and efficient way. The world revealed by our senses is not the real world, but an imperfect copy of it. In our conscious mind we see the world through a distorted perception system. The world we live in does not exist in the way we perceive it. Because of this flawed information collection system we can never see the world as it truly is. Lotto astutely observes that, "Our species has been so successful not in spite of our inability to see reality but because of it."

Perception underpins everything we think, know, and believe. Yet if our perception is a manifestation of our past, how is it ever possible to step outside the past in order to live and create differently in the future? Lotto believes that deviating from the way we currently perceive will lead to future innovations in thought and behavior in all aspects of our lives. This is why the book is called Deviate. Lotto argues that perception includes a lot of assumptions which contribute to preconceived ideas that keep us stuck in a narrow perspective on our personal and social reality. By revealing the startling truths about the brain and its perceptions, Beau Lotto shows that the next big innovation is not a new technology: it is a new way of seeing. Look inside Deviate: The Science of Seeing Differently (paid link)